donderdag 20 juli 2023

Powerful Podcast Preaching by Thompson Owen

Such an intense, yet "easy" narrated podcast from Thompson Owen @ Sweet Maria's Coffee. Especially from minute 5' to the 15th, plus the last 5 are brilliantly informing, honest and spoken from the heart, and should be compulsory for many coffee courses and trainings imho. 

Have a view, listen and read!

Excerpts from Sweet Maria’s Coffee podcast 

“Tanzania - A Moshi Morning Recording”


Part I | 5’23”

I realize when I travel in coffee there's just this I idea that I'm just immersed in this place and I'm having this really long interaction with these people here, but it'd be fair to say that I just breeze through in a lot of ways.

You visit somewhere, maybe you've been there before, but you spend like 30 minutes and like I try to compensate for that by recording everything and taking photos and paying a lot of attention and asking my questions and stuff.

But really, when you think about it, and that's why I think about how coffee buyers are tourists in a way, is that it's a really brief contact. And then you sometimes make the most out of it in terms of what you try to collect in information but also in photos you take. And then you represent like, you know, you were there and coffee people slip into this thing and [are] saying: “oh we work with this station” and it's like you visited 30 minutes you know, you buy their coffee that's not working with somebody.

And I don't want to take that too far critically but there's a lot of work in coffee and I do a lot of work. But it's not the work in actually producing coffee so when you say you work with a station or a farm they do a lot of work and I think it really trivializes it to use the word ‘work’.

I select lots and buy coffee from someone and it's important that they have a buyer but that doesn't need to be inflated to make it seem like you have a big project with them or you have a communication. You have a business relationship and I think that's accurate to say but ‘work’ is another thing. And I'm sure in one of these recordings I'm going to say ‘work’ but it'll stand out to me you know. I'm trying not to do that, I'm also trying not to say that I source coffee.

I just realized what I was thinking about something else, like sourcing, that kind of many interactions, that kind of connect with a particular coffee producer, like go back and forth, figure out how you're going to deliver coffee, coordinate it, get the coffee milled, select which lots and grades, do troubleshooting on quality; those are ‘the work’ of sourcing. And you just pretty much have to be in the country to do that work, you have to be there for the full season.

I would say that's the minimum, the qualifying bar to say: “yeah we source coffee”. I didn't go find these coffees like they exist and I don't do a lot of that back and forth and I'm not here for a long period of time. So ‘source’ is even an overreach in representing what my actual work is. So I decided that I'm a coffee selector. What I do is: people who actually do all the ‘work’ put options in front of me and I basically select which ones I want and which ones I think are good and which ones don't.

And that feels pretty accurate. 

It's like [with] a lot of things, it's kind of diminishing in the role that I really actually play, but it feels a lot better to go that way then the way coffee companies compete in the language they use to continually kind of try to outdo each other in saying how much ‘work’ they do, how good they are, how close to the source they are.

I think just gently and not hypercritically, just let's roll it back a bit and try to be accurate and think about words we use. That's what I want to do and it just feels better, it feels more comfortable and I also feel it takes pressure off myself too, to describe my work that way. 

The other way I've talked about myself is and what I do when I travel is that I'm a personal shopper. Like I don't buy these coffees for me, I buy them for my customers, so I'm here on their behalf to find really good coffee as best I can to make good choices. And you know, to try to find values, value in the coffee,  I think some buyers feel just like some tourists feel. Like: “oh I can't haggle you know, I can't push back on a price someone gives me”, and then they're like resentful that they paid something. 

(…)

It's kind of expected of you and if you're not comfortable with that [then] don't resent the fact that you just paid triple the price that you maybe should have. It's okay to negotiate on price with people, because I think it treats them with a kind of respect of being a business. Like you're a business, you know they can decide for themselves what they need and they're intelligent and know what they need to earn presumably. And if you just fairly say “hey this is 50 cents over last year, I know these costs went up, I know you're not asking for this because, but do you think we could meet in the middle, do you think you could do this?”

And to me that feels like fair and if they can't, they can't. I mean, I want to deal with coffee sources where their coffee is good and so if it doesn't work out with us, [then] they will have another buyer because they have something real to stand on. And it's kind of tricky because, I don't know, I feel like sometimes this idea of “you're helping farmers by buying the coffee” has a patronizing feeling.

It may feel like you're respecting them in a way, but I sometimes think it's the opposite. It's like you're doing something good and that's like charity. And that charity may ultimately not benefit anybody. It may in the short term, but if someone for example [uses it as] a cool story behind their coffee and [they] are buying it and then business fails, goes a different direction or something, just doesn't buy [anymore] from that country that year.

When they take their coffee out to sell it they're either going to have to find someone like you who's “charitable” or they're going to have to take a lot less money because their coffee maybe wasn't worth it of itself. So I think it's important on quality to be honest and I think having that as the basis of buying coffee can be pretty solid. 

You know it's a real value that they can take to somewhere else and someone else and it'll be there for them so I don't think you know that's not like A or B, or yes or no. It's not really a perfect solution because I can see something kind of patronizing in that too but between two different approaches and buying coffee I think that's better for me, it feels a little better.

15’00”


Part II | 22’01” 

Talking about price like “what price are you paying?” You find this [in] a lot of places and even the marketing people are like “we pay a great price to farmers”. But it's volume that matters so much; if you don't have much coffee to sell, no matter if you get an amazing price, it doesn't do much. Growing, getting good production, having a lot of cherries on the tree, knowing how to treat trees well and having the resources to do that is so important and it's really something that I'm seeing all over here. 

The fancier farm we went to yesterday that has good investment, that's really well organized, you can see that their production is really high, they're growing under managed shade trees, it's lush and beautiful. And you'll see other places with just no shade, spindly little trees, environmentally it's not very sound and for the coffee it's just not going to produce much. And even if they did have great coffee, which they probably don't, and got a great price it doesn't go very far you know. 

If you have a thousand kgs to sell at a fantastic price it doesn't mean much in what you can reinvest in the farm, as opposed to having five thousand kgs that you sell at a good price and potentially some at a great price. So that's kind of on my mind here but it's nice to see this place and kind of understand the specific issues. 

One of the things with coming to producing regions is that – you know [I was] just at SCA [Expo] a month ago and you hear talk about this and talk about that and what farmers need. But you come to specific regions and it's [when] you realize that like coffee in one place and coffee in another place are just not the same thing. There's a whole other way that you need to think about and talk about coffee and apply these sort of ideas that first of all doesn't just come from some [coffee] forum held in [a buyer’s country] by people that you know have the means to travel there or the position to travel there.

It needs to come from the location itself an, you know, it's great to have ideas come in that are from somewhere else and are fresh, but it's also important to have ideas bubble up from the specifics from “what do coffee farmers need here?”.

(…)

I just think there's a kind of hubris and the way coffee gets talked about uniformly and unilaterally. And just as the singular thing, and coming to a producing region, I think one of the reasons travel and coffee is good and enriches [a] person's understanding of it is the specificity of each place, [of] getting that context and understanding how [and] what coffee is here, is not what coffee is somewhere else. 

And a coffee farmer here is not a coffee farmer somewhere else, and that's why the local agronomist to me is one of the most important people because they bring in knowledge and expertise but they're always trying to look at the context in order to find out what actually works on the ground and what people will actually do which is probably the most important thing of all.

So yeah…

– 26’48”


dinsdag 3 januari 2023

Robusta Coffee | history - taste - trivia

This text first appeared in the summer of 2020 as a trilogy on the blog section of Dutch coffee subscription service Roast. Since their operational take-over in the following year the(se) original texts, as well as all other 60+ monthly tasting reviews I wrote since April 2015, were taken down. Since Robusta is destined for the future I reckoned it to be nice, to translate and re-publish this trilogy (with minor editing) as a whole here.  Have a good Read!

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 


Intro

The focus on quantity rather than quality can be traced back to the times of the 'first wave' of coffee mid last century, when we saw the rise of instant coffee and its significant use mostly dark roasted pre-ground coffee blends.

However, inspired by the 'second wave' and especially propelled forward by the current 'third wave', Arabica has amply proven that differentiation, focus and refinement of quality can lead to increased value for the entire chain, from producer to consumer. Since the past decade (the fourth wave?!) These developments have accelerated. 

Robusta coffee is part of this, in order to become 'Fine / Premium Robusta' as much as possible: “a class of defect-free Robusta similar to Specialty Arabica, in which coffee presents unique and desirable characteristics as a result of an interaction between varieties, micro-climates in origin and accentuated by best cultivation and processing practices.”*

(*partly based on and inspired by Fine Robusta – Standards and Protocols booklet, The Coffee Quality Institute // G. Davies, Standart Magazine #18 // Conilon Coffee 3rd edition, Incaper.)

Appearance

The term 'Robusta' is actually the name of a widely grown variety of this species. It is a robust shrub or small tree with a shallow root system, but capable of growing up to 10 meters in height. The fruits are rounder than those of the average Arabica berry. The seeds, on the other hand, are mainly oval in shape. Robusta takes 1 to 2 months longer to grow from flower to ripe berry. Ripe berries usually remain on the tree for a very long time.

The identification -apart from the correct main name at all- is confusing, but two main forms are usually distinguished: 'Robusta' - the plant with more erect forms and the 'Nganda' - which forms more spread out in width. Other varieties have glorious names such as Apoata, Peridiana, Erecta, Gamé, Nemaya, Sankuru, Bukoba, Niaouli, Maclaudi, Laurenti, Petit, Indénié, Nana, Oka, CxR etc.

Robusta is grown in West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia and in some regions of Central and South America, such as Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua and in Brazil, where it is known as Conilon. In Costa Rica, the ban (!) on cultivating Robusta has been discussed and (fixed) revised for some time.

 History 

The first commercial cultivation of Robusta began exactly 150 years ago in the Democratic Republic of Congo using wild plant seeds collected on the banks of the Lomami River.

(Christina Bergey - Own work, Wikimedia)

Botanists also discovered the same species ten years later in the Bukoba region of Tanzania. The 'Kouillou' (phonetically altered and transformed to ´Conilon´ in Brazil) breed was observed in 1880 by the French, more west, between Gabon and the mouth of the Congo River, mainly along the eponymous Kouillou River in present-day Congo-Brazzaville. Later the species was also found in Madagascar where it was cultivated on a large scale. 

In 1895, the French botanist Louis Pierre described the material as 'Coffea canephora'. Two years later, the German Albert Froehner published a description of the species; According to him, in 1900 seeds of Coffea canephora from Congo were sent to the House of Horticulture of Jean Linden in Brussels, whose son Lucien marketed it under the name 'Coffea robusta'. 

From here, seeds were sent to Java, where it achieved great success by being resistant to the rust disease. This positive momentum marked the beginning of large-scale cultivation of 'robusta' coffee in Indonesia. Hence the generalization of the name 'robusta' which, with an optimistic note, refers to 'robustness' and resistance to disease in equatorial climates. 

The plant collection was further enriched with material from Gabon and Uganda. The robusta plants brought to India came from collections and selections from Indonesia, Uganda, Ghana, Mali and Ivory Coast. Subsequently, cultivation spread to other regions in Africa, Asia and South America (especially Brazil).

 Taste 

'Fine Robusta' coffee is known for lower levels of salt (producing a harsh taste) and higher levels of organic acids (producing a smooth, balanced taste). The "salt/acid" ratio is the relative balance between the salt sensations, mainly driven by the higher potassium levels of Robusta coffees as opposed to the normally lower levels of organic acids, especially citric acid (compared to Arabica). 

This ratio is responsible for the pleasant and delicate taste derived from distinct acidity in Robusta coffees, which result from the presence of fruit acids and sugars. Lower levels of potassium or salty compounds that make robusta coffees taste coarse or harsh are absent in Fine Robusta. The discernible perception of a pleasant acidity is one of the striking taste differences between Fine and lower quality Robusta coffees.

The "bitter/sweet" ratio is the relative balance between these two sensations, with the optimal combination of low bitterness and high sweetness. Both bitter and sweet taste sensations are present in robusta coffees. The bitter component mainly comes from the caffeine and potassium levels, while the sweet component is derived from, among other things, fruit acids. Fine Robusta coffees have a low bitter and high sweet aspect in their taste, while commercial Robusta coffees usually have this reversed.

Commonly found fruity flavor notes in Fine Robusta include: cherry, black currant, raisin, raspberry, currant, dried fig, plum, and lemon. Nutty and spicy flavor notes can reveal themselves as: walnut, almond, malt, cloves, coriander and allspice. Sweetness presents itself as: molasses, syrup, caramel, honey and dark chocolate. Newer processing methods like honey, (carbonic) macerated or inoculated can generate several (tropical/stone-) fruit notes, like pineapple, coconut and mango, as well as praline, pine nuts and dark honey.

Arabica or Robusta?

Crosses between Arabica and Robusta are aimed at improving the former, by imparting disease resistance and potency from the latter. Grafting Arabica onto Robusta is one way: A part of one plant is attached to a part of the other plant, so that it lives and grows, as it were, on the strong shoulders of the wearer. Hybrid seeds can also be grown at an earlier stage by crossing the correct combinations of genes in laboratories. 

In recent decades, many national coffee research institutes have already developed such new varieties, which are often encountered on a bag of coffee. Spontaneous, natural crossings have also occurred over the many years. The most famous examples of Arabica, with a hint of Robusta are: Catimor, Icatú, Catucaí, Marsellesa, Castillo, Colombia, Lempira, Tabí and Obatá.

 Trivia 

  • Robusta contains at least twice as much caffeine as Arabica.

  • Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, the largest producing country of Robusta coffee, has a statue honoring Louis Pierre, the first describer of the variety.
(Tượng J.B @Thuydaonguyen - Own work)

  • Arabica is the love child of mother Coffea Eugenioides 💘 father Coffea Canephora. So "100% Arabica" on a package is even less significant than is generally assumed... 😉

  • Vietnam, Brazil, Indonesia, India, Uganda and Ivory Coast are – in respective order – the largest producers of Robusta.

  • Robusta beans have a greater density than most Arabica beans and are more resistant to heat, optimally up to 30 degrees Celsius.

  • In addition, Robusta already thrives at lower altitudes, sometimes from 'only' 500 meters above sea level and it requires more rainfall, from two meters per year, where Arabica has that as an upper limit.

  • Planting one hectare of Robusta produces about 40% more harvest than Arabica.

  • Robusta is diploid and dependent on cross-pollination, which keeps it genetically diverse but makes identifying specific varieties more complicated. So Robusta is very similar to… humans 😃! 
(Arabica is self-pollinating, which seems like a useful advantage. It does have a to remain genetically stable, but the resistance to external influences (diseases) is therefore only moderate.)

  • On the scale of "Critically Endangered – Endangered – Vulnerable – Low Risk of Threat – Low Concern", Robusta falls under the latter category while Arabica is already classified under "Vulnerable". This is reflected in the worldwide production figures of both varieties; The ratio 30 years ago being still at 30 (R) vs. 70% (A), these figures are now at 40 vs. 60%. Around the year 2030, the ratio is expected to be fifty-fifty!

  • Of the five majorly notorious, well-known coffee diseases, there is one that Arabica can handle in contrast to Robusta, namely the wilting disease (which is caused by a type of fungus).

vrijdag 18 november 2022

ROBUSTA ROCKS #YesWeCanEphora

 

I 💓 Robusta, and so:

⬜  do
⬜  could
⬜  should
(tick where applicable)

YOU !

Well anyway, read and see for -and hopefully convince- yourself here below, where I gathered and compiled a whole bunch of fine (Fine!) Robusta links to texts, audios and videos, with lots of opinions, deliberations and PRAISE!



🎵 We've come a long, long way together
    Through the hard times and the good
    I have to celebrate you, baby
    I have to praise you like I should 🎵
    (Norman Cook, 1998) 

 


(Coffea Canephora, 
CATIE collection, Costa Rica, 
own picture, Nov. '21)


(click on the ´s for a link to the corresponding original)





                 





                 




                        

               




  • Fine robusta has become the subject of increasing focus in recent years
  • Some fine robustas sell for little more than a commodity arabica coffee
  • It could threaten the future of Central American production – but there are barriers in the way
               



"Robusta will continue its march into the West. The quality and availability of traceable canephoras will capture the imaginations of forward-thinking coffee companies, curious coffee drinkers, and folks who had historically stuck with “low brow” consumption. This will reach what I think is a good sized market of those “left behind” by the light, bright, and fruity coffee wave of the past decade-plus.”

vrijdag 17 juni 2022

𝔸𝕝𝕝 𝔸𝕓𝕠𝕦𝕥 ℂ𝕠𝕗𝕗𝕖𝕖 (1922-2022) - ᴀ ᴄᴇɴᴛᴇɴɴɪᴀʟ ᴛʀɪʙᴜᴛᴇ -

𝔸𝕝𝕝 𝔸𝕓𝕠𝕦𝕥 ℂ𝕠𝕗𝕗𝕖𝕖 
𝓦𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓲𝓪𝓶 𝓗𝓪𝓻𝓻𝓲𝓼𝓸𝓷 𝓤𝓴𝓮𝓻𝓼 
                                                    
                    ... today, y¹e⁰a⁰rs ᵃᵍᵒ ...
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"Het werk 'All About Coffee' van William H. Ukers uit 1922 blijft een van de belangrijkste werken over koffie. In welgeteld 36 hoofdstukken schrijft Ukers over koffie: van plant tot kopje, van vroegere tijden tot de eigen tijd." 
"From its historic roots and the drinking customs of different countries to its effects on the mind and the preparation of the perfect cup, this book captures all the rich and complex history of coffee." 
"The original homage to the world's most extraordinary drink!"

"In 1922, William H. Ukers wrote the definitive work on coffee. As the founder of the @TCTradeJournal, an industry magazine still active today, he spent 17 years traveling the world and uncovering everything there 
was to know about both the bean and the beverage. From its historic roots and the drinking customs of different countries to its effects on the mind and the preparation of the perfect cup, this book captures all the rich and complex history of coffee." 
"Filled to the brim with robust facts, aphorisms, and more, 𝗔𝗹𝗹 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗲 culls the best of Ukers's research and observations sip after sip, page after page." 
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The last page ... #796
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"Even if I might never be able to read the whole book at once, I would be happy to just sit with it now and then whenever I wished to disappear into the lanes of old Italy and watch the busy lady at the desk brew a cup of hot coffee. Beautiful, beautiful book!" ♥
Ukers, William H. 1873-1954
🙏 ☕️ 👏

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donderdag 5 september 2019

INDEX - (for) A REFERENCE GUIDE TO ETHIOPIAN VARIETIES

The missing 😉 two pages (#111/#112)
from the excellent

A Reference Guide

To Ethiopian Coffee Varieties


by Getu Bekele & Timothy Hill.

The index of almost 200 varieties listed on alphabetical order!

Design is made to fit into the guide:
save the images and print them doublesided on A5 format (abt. 23x14cm /  9x5.5in)